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Quellen und Verweise
01 - Weil wir Muster erkennen, wo keine sind
01-01 Bulf, H., Johnson, S. P., & Valenza, E. (2011). Visual statistical learning in the newborn infant. Cognition, 121(1), 127-132.
→ doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.06.010
01-02 Saffran, J. R. (2003). Statistical language learning: Mechanisms and constraints. Current directions in psychological science, 12(4), 110-114.
→ doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.01243
→ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticallearninginlanguageacquisition
01-03 Saffran, J. R., Newport, E. L., & Aslin, R. N. (1996). Word segmentation: The role of distributional cues. Journal of memory and language, 35(4), 606-621.
→ doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1996.0032
01-04 Sacks, O. W. (1995). Der Mann, der seine Frau mit einem Hut verwechselte. Rowohlt.
01-05
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=bntfUA6TmLs
01-06
→ www.jw.org/de/bibliothek/bibel/studienbibel
/buecher/offenbarung/13/#v66013001
01-07
→de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sechshundertsechsundsechzig
01-08
→media3.snbcnews.com/i/streams/2012/November/121115/1C4769086-jesus-app-grilledcheese.jpg
01-09
Strindberg, A. (1964). Okkultes Tagebuch. Die Ehe mit Harriet Bosse. Claassen.
→ https://www.iberlibro.com/Okkultes-Tagebuch-Ehe-Harriet-Bosse-August/15682865911/bd
01-10
Shermer, M. (2007). Why Darwin matters: The case against intelligent design. Macmillan.
→ https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780805083064/why-darwin-matters
02 - Weil wir uns auf unsere Erfahrungen verlassen
02-01 Pronin, E., Lin, D. Y., & Ross, L. (2002). The bias blind spot: Perceptions of bias in self versus others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), 369-381.
→ doi.org/10.1177/0146167202286008
Ehrlinger, J., Gilovich, T., & Ross, L. (2005). Peering into the bias blind spot: People’s assessments of bias in themselves and others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(5), 680-692.
→ doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271570
02-02
→ www.texasmonthly.com/list/in-their-own-words/the-gun-rights-advocate
02-03
→ www.texasmonthly.com/list/in-their-own-words/the-gun-control-activist
02-04
→ dailynexus.com/2001-04-05/interview-douglas-adams
02-05 Mesoudi, A., Whiten, A., & Dunbar, R. (2006). A bias for social information in human cultural transmission. British Journal of Psychology, 97(3), 405-423.
→ doi.org/10.1348/000712605X85871
02-06 Dunbar, R. I., Marriott, A., & Duncan, N. D. (1997). Human conversational behavior. Human Nature, 8(3), 231-246.
02-07
02-08 Wallraff, G. (2007). Ganz unten. Mit einer Dokumentation der Folgen. Erweiterte Neuauflage, Kiepenheuer & Witsch.
→ https://www.kiwi-verlag.de/buch/guenter-wallraff-ganz-unten-9783462019247
03 - Weil wir uns Geschichten zusammendichten
03-01
Sforza, C., Rango, M., Galante, D., Bresolin, N., & Ferrario, V. F. (2008). Spontaneous blinking in healthy persons: an optoelectronic study of eyelid motion. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 28(4), 345-353.
→ doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00577.x
03-02
→ de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetisches_Spektrum
03-03
→ www.scinexx.de/news/biowissen/gehirn-gaukelt-scharfes-sehen-vor
03-04
Sperry, R. W., Gazzaniga, M. S., & Bogen, J. E. (1969). Interhemispheric relationships: the neocortical commissures; syndromes of hemisphere disconnection. Handbook of clinical neurology, 4(273-290).
→ https://authors.library.caltech.edu/76571/1
03-05
Gazzaniga, M. S. (1983). Right hemisphere language following brain bisection: A 20-year perspective. American Psychologist, 38(5), 525.
→ doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.38.5.525
03-06
Spitzer, M. (2006). Vom Sinn des Lebens - Alte Weisheit und neue Wissenschaft. Nervenheilkunde, 25(07), 513-520.
→www.znl-ulm.de/Veroeffentlichungen/GeistundGehirn
03-07
McGurk, H., & MacDonald, J. (1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264(5588), 746-748.
→ https://doi.org/10.1038/264746a0
03-08
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFPtc8BVdJk
03-09
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPU2HistivI
03-10
Heider, F., & Simmel, M. (1944). An experimental study of apparent behavior. The American Journal of Psychology, 57(2), 243-259.
03-11
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTNmLt7QX8E
03-12
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAnt9II-5Co
03-13
→ de.rorschach-inkblot-test.com
03-14
03-15
Loftus, E. F., & Pickrell, J. E. (1995). The formation of false memories. Psychiatric Annals, 25(12), 720-725.
→ doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19951201-07
03-16
Loftus, E. F. (1993). The reality of repressed memories. American Psychologist, 48(5), 518.
→ https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1993-37888-001
03-17
Braun, K. A., Ellis, R., & Loftus, E. F. (2002). Make my memory: How advertising can change our memories of the past. Psychology & Marketing, 19(1), 1-23.
03-18
Oeberst, A., Wachendörfer, M. M., Imhoff, R., & Blank, H. (2021). Rich false memories of autobiographical events can be reversed. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(13), e2026447118.
→ doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026447118
03-19
→ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy
03-20
→ de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormser_Prozesse
03-21
→ www.spektrum.de/magazin/falsche-erinnerungen/823559
→ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Ramona
03-22
Doe, J. (1991). How could this happen? Coping with a false accusation of incest and rape. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations, 3(3), 1.
→ http://www.ipt-forensics.com/journal/volume3/j3_3_3.htm
Rabinowitz, D. (2004). No crueler tyrannies: Accusation, false witness, and other terrors of our times. Simon and Schuster.
→ https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/No-Crueler-Tyrannies/Dorothy-Rabinowitz/9780743228404
03-23
→ de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erinnerungsverfälschung#DerFallVästerås
03-24
→ https://www.svd.se/friad-far-13-miljoner-i-skadestand/om/sverige
03-25
→ oklahoman.com/article/2557597/false-memories-case-settled-for-1-million
04 - Weil wir Belege für unsere Meinungen suchen
04-01
Wason, P. C. (1968). Reasoning about a rule. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology, 20(3), 273-281.
→ doi.org/10.1080/14640746808400161
04-02
Lagemann, R. T. (1977). New light on old rays: N rays. American Journal of Physics, 45(3), 281-284.
→ https://doi.org/10.1119/1.10643
04-03
Wood, R. W. (1904). Die N-Strahlen. Physikalische Zeitschrift, 5(24), 789-791.
→https://archive.org/details/physikalischeze00borngoog/page/n815/mode/1up
04-04
Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of general psychology, 2(2), 175-220.
→ doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175
04-05
Evans, J. S. B. (1989). Bias in human reasoning: Causes and consequences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
→ https://www.abebooks.de/Bias-Human-Reasoning-Causes-Consequences-Essays/30924332559/bd
04-06
Friedrich, J. (1993). Primary error detection and minimization (PEDMIN) strategies in social cognition: A reinterpretation of confirmation bias phenomena. Psychological review, 100(2), 298.
→ https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1993-28243-001
04-07
→ www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ampv/__2.html
04-08
→ www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/s3fs-public/aaasclimatestatement_0.pdf
04-09
→ www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AAASGMstatement.pdf
04-10
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=vf86QYf4Suo
04-11
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HoMKfymv2s
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=KO_41FAn08Q
04-12
04-13
→ www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/resources/homeopathy
04-14
→ easac.eu/publications/details/homeopathic-products-and-practices
04-15
04-16
→ thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/when-science-fails-opera-neutrinos
05 - Weil wir im Auftrag unserer Gefühle denke
05-01
Kahan, D. M., Peters, E., Dawson, E., & Slovic, P. (2013). Motivated numeracy and enlightened self-government. Behavioural Public Policy, 1, 54-86.
05-02
05-03
05-04
Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2013). The rationalizing voter. Cambridge University Press.
→ https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rationalizing-voter/9E4E27965B612D5DDB1091BD907DF492
05-05
Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2000). Three Steps Toward a Theory of Motivated Political Reasoning. In: Elements of Reason, A. Lupia (eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 183–213.
05-06
Westen, D., Blagov, P. S., Harenski, K., Kilts, C., & Hamann, S. (2006). Neural bases of motivated reasoning: An fMRI study of emotional constraints on partisan political judgment in the 2004 US presidential election. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 18(11), 1947-1958.
→ doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.11.1947
Kaplan, J. T., Gimbel, S. I., & Harris, S. (2016). Neural correlates of maintaining one’s political beliefs in the face of counterevidence. Scientific reports, 6, 39589.
05-07
Vallone, R. P., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1985). The hostile media phenomenon: biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(3), 577.
→ doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.3.577
05-08
Perloff, R. M. (2015). A three-decade retrospective on the hostile media effect. Mass Communication and Society, 18(6), 701-729.
→ doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2015.1051234
05-09
05-10
Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2008). On the relative independence of thinking biases and cognitive ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(4), 672.
→ doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.4.672
05-11
Stanovich, K. E., West, R. F., & Toplak, M. E. (2013). Myside bias, rational thinking, and intelligence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(4), 259-264.
→ doi.org/10.1177/0963721413480174
05-12
Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2000). Three Steps Toward a Theory of Motivated Political Reasoning. In: Elements of Reason, A. Lupia (eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 183–213.
Nir, L. (2011). Motivated reasoning and public opinion perception. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(3), 504-532.
05-13
Beißert, H., Köhler, M., Rempel, M., & Beierlein, C. (2014). Eine deutschsprachige Kurzskala zur Messung des Konstrukts Need for Cognition: Die Need for Cognition Kurzskala (NFC-K). (GESIS-Working Papers, 2014/32). Mannheim: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften.
→ nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-403157
05-14
Nir, L. (2011). Motivated reasoning and public opinion perception. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(3), 504-532.
05-15
Howard, T., & Rifkin, J. (1977). Who should play God? The artificial creation of life and what it means for the future of the human race. Dell Publishing.
→ https://www.iberlibro.com/9780440195047/Who-play-God-artificial-creation-0440195047/plp
05-16
Hille, K. (1997). Die „künstliche Seele“: Analyse einer Theorie. Wiesbaden: DUV.
06 - Weil wir unseren Leuten glauben
06-01
Asch, S. E. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 70(9), 1.
06-02
Janis, I.L. (1971). Groupthink. Psychology Today, 5(6), 43-46.
06-03
→en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArthurM.SchlesingerJr.#Kennedyadministration
06-04
→ williamwolff.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/griffin-groupthink-challenger.pdf
06-05
Hofinger, G., Rek, U., & Strohschneider, S. (2006). Menschengemachte Umweltkatastrophen - Psychologische Hintergründe am Beispiel von Tschernobyl. Umweltpsychologie, 10(1), 26-45.
→ http://www.umps.de/php/artikeldetails.php?id=249
06-06
Naftulin, D. H., Ware, J. E., & Donnelly, F. A. (1973). The Doctor Fox lecture: A paradigm of educational seduction. Journal of medical education, 48(7), 630-635.
→ www.romanfrigg.org/Links/DrFoxLecture.pdf
06-07
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcxW6nrWwtc
06-08
→ de.statista.com/infografik/10969/umfrageergebnisse-zu-fake-news-in-oesterreich
06-09
Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2019). Lazy, not biased: Susceptibility to partisan fake news is better explained by lack of reasoning than by motivated reasoning. Cognition, 188, 39-50.
→ doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.011
06-10
Faragó, L., Kende, A., & Krekó, P. (2019). We only believe in news that we doctored ourselves: The connection between partisanship and political fake news. Social Psychology, 51(2), 77-90.
→ doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000391
06-11
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfLa64_zLrU
→ www.nytimes.com/2020/04/16/podcasts/rabbit-hole-internet-youtube-virus.html
→ www.nytimes.com/2020/04/23/podcasts/rabbit-hole-internet-youtube-virus.html
→ www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/podcasts/rabbit-hole-internet-youtube-virus.html
06-12
07 - Weil wir schlecht dran sind
07-01
Whitson, J. A., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. Science, 322(5898), 115-117.
→ doi.org/10.1126/science.1159845
07-02
→ xhosaculture.co.za/nongqawuse-xhosa-cattle-killings-1856-57
07-03
→ www.sahistory.org.za/people/nongqawuse
07-04
Aus Hamlets Monolog, 3. Akt 1. Szene; aus dem Englischen von August Wilhelm Schlegel
07-05
Hille, K. (2001). Synthesizing emotional behavior in a simple animated character. Artificial Life, 7(3), 303-313.
→ doi.org/10.1162/106454601753238654
07-06
Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290-292.
→ doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134
07-07
Graeupner, D., & Coman, A. (2017). The dark side of meaning-making: How social exclusion leads to superstitious thinking. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69, 218-222.
Whitson, J. A., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. Science, 322(5898), 115-117.
→ doi.org/10.1126/science.1159845
07-08
Graeupner, D., & Coman, A. (2017). The dark side of meaning-making: How social exclusion leads to superstitious thinking. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69, 218-222.
→ doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.10.003
van Prooijen, J. W., & Acker, M. (2015). The influence of control on belief in conspiracy theories: Conceptual and applied extensions. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29(5), 753-761.
Whitson, J. A., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. Science, 322(5898), 115-117.
→ doi.org/10.1126/science.1159845
07-09
International Journal of Psychology
Bruder, M., & Kunert, L. (2021). The conspiracy hoax? Testing key hypotheses about the correlates of generic beliefs in conspiracy theories during the COVID-19 pandemic.
07-10
→ www.nytimes.com/video/booming/100000002243885/y2k-much-ado-about-nothing.html
07-11
van Prooijen, J. W., & Acker, M. (2015). The influence of control on belief in conspiracy theories: Conceptual and applied extensions. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29(5), 753-761.
07-12
→ de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Naval_Observatory#Jahr-2000-Problem
07-13
→ www.spiegel.de/geschichte/millennium-bug-a-948986.html
07-14
Gasser, K. H., Creutzfeldt, M., Näher, M., Rainer, R., & Wickler, P. (2004). Bericht der Kommission Gutenberg-Gymnasium. Erfurt, Germany: Freistaat Thüringen.
→ www.thueringen.de/de/publikationen/pic/pubdownload1488.pdf
07-15
Damisch, L., Stoberock, B., & Mussweiler, T. (2010). Keep your fingers crossed! How superstition improves performance. Psychological Science, 21(7), 1014-1020.
→ doi.org/10.1177/0956797610372631
07-16
→www.ted.com/talks/christianpicciolinimydescentintoamericasneonazimovementandhowigotout
08 - Weil wir nichtwissen, wie wenig wir wissen
08-01
Lawson, R. (2006). The science of cycology: Failures to understand how everyday objects work. Memory & Cognition, 34(8), 1667-1675.
08-02
Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1121-1134.
→ doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121
08-03
Rozenblit, L., & Keil, F. (2002). The misunderstood limits of folk science: An illusion of explanatory depth. Cognitive Science, 26(5), 521-562.
→ doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2605_1
08-04
→ opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/20/the-anosognosics-dilemma-1
08-05
Alicke, M. D., & Govorun, O. (2005). The better-than-average effect. In: M. D. Alicke, D. A. Dunning & J. I. Krueger (Eds.), The Self in Social Judgment (pp. 85–106). New York: Psychology Press.
→ psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-14648-005
08-06
→ www.britannica.com/biography/Florence-Foster-Jenkins
→ nypost.com/2016/08/12/the-post-is-the-real-star-of-meryl-streeps-new-movie
→ edsays.catchplay.com/sg/article-2633-u6yhhvu3
→ ashenden.org/2018/01/04/belief-in-christ-brings-the-affirmation-needed-to-strengthen-our-resolution
08-07
Das Konzept des 'conscious competence' Models hat seine Ursprünge im amerikanischen Managementtraining:
08-08
Hoyle, R. H., Davisson, E. K., Diebels, K. J., & Leary, M. R. (2016). Holding specific views with humility: Conceptualization and measurement of specific intellectual humility. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 165-172.
→ doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.043
08-09
Pennycook, G., Epstein, Z., Mosleh, M., Arechar, A. A., Eckles, D., & Rand, D. G. (2021). Shifting attention to accuracy can reduce misinformation online. Nature, 592, 590–595.
09 - Weil wir überzeugt sind, viel zu wissen
09-01
Price, E., Ottati, V., Wilson, C., & Kim, S. (2015). Open-minded cognition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(11), 1488-1504.
→ doi.org/10.1177/0146167215600528
09-02
→ de.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Numbers:_Anatomy_of_an_Epidemic
09-03
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ilwK9Rod6U
09-04
→ www.nytimes.com/2009/09/04/movies/04house.html
09-05
09-06
→ www.cnews.fr/emission/2020-04-17/lheure-des-pros-du-17042020-947840
09-07
→ www.ndr.de/nachrichten/info/coronaskript194.pdf
09-08
→ www.nytimes.com/2019/01/01/science/watson-dna-genetics-race.html
09-09
Ottati, V., Price, E. D., Wilson, C., & Sumaktoyo, N. (2015). When self-perceptions of expertise increase closed-minded cognition: The earned dogmatism effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 61, 131-138.
→ doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.08.003
09-10
Ottati, V., Wilson, C., Osteen, C., & Distefano, Y. (2018). Experimental demonstrations of the earned dogmatism effect using a variety of optimal manipulations: commentary and response to Calin-Jageman (2018). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 78, 250-258.
→ doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.05.010
09-11
Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Why smart people can be so foolish. European Psychologist, 9(3), 145-150.
→ doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.9.3.145
09-12
Leeson, N. (2015). Rogue Trader – The original story of the banker who broke the system. Sphere.
→ www.weltbild.de/artikel/buch/rogue-trader_14429796-1
09-13
Veinott, B., Klein, G. A., & Wiggins, S. (2010, May). Evaluating the effectiveness of the PreMortem technique on plan confidence. In Proceedings of the 7th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 1-29).
→idl.iscram.org/files/veinott/2010/1049Veinottetal2010.pdf
09-14
Klein, G. (2007). Performing a project premortem. Harvard Business Review, 85(9), 18-19.
10 - Weil wir faul sind, auch beim Denken
10-01
→ arbeitsblaetter-news.stangl-taller.at/energieverbrauch-des-gehirns
10-02
Gigerenzer, G. (2015). Bauchentscheidungen: die Intelligenz des Unbewussten und die Macht der Intuition. Bertelsmann Verlag.
→ www.penguinrandomhouse.de/Paperback/Bauchentscheidungen/Gerd-Gigerenzer/Pantheon/e587278.rhd
10-03
→ www.nytimes.com/1994/04/15/us/tobacco-chiefs-say-cigarettes-aren-t-addictive.html
10-04
→ williamwolff.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/griffin-groupthink-challenger.pdf
10-05
→www.bpb.de/system/files/dokument_pdf/MW%2004.05.1pdf.pdf
10-06
Pennycook, G., Cheyne, J. A., Barr, N., Koehler, D. J., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2015). On the reception and detection of pseudo-profound bullshit. Judgment and Decision making, 10(6), 549-563.
→EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:jdm:journl:v:10:y:2015:i:6:p:549-563
10-07
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Y1lZQsyuSQ
10-08
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkncijUZGKA
10-09
→ twitter.com/DerKoPe/status/1267422872030584832
10-10
→ twitter.com/emiliaxstw/status/1270723478585438220
10-11
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Y1lZQsyuSQ (bei 1 Min 20 Sek)
10-12
10-13
→ rabbisacks.org/one-thing-a-muslim-a-jew-a-christian-and-a-humanist-can-agree-on
10-14
11 - Nachwort
11-01
→ www.swr.de/swr2/leben-und-gesellschaft/2171969-astronauten-hinterlassen-muell-auf-dem-mond-100.html
→ www.swr.de/swr2/leben-und-gesellschaft/swr2-zeitwort-2020-07-21-100.pdf
11-02
→ www.aidshilfe.de/hiv-medikamente
11-03
→de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExperimentalAdvancedSuperconducting_Tokamak
11-04
→ de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink
11-05
Dr. Axel Stoll:
→ www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mWyi2HZEH8
11-06
→ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_Earth#Modern_flat-Earthers
11-07
Brecht, B. (2013). Leben des Galilei: Schauspiel. Suhrkamp Verlag.